Margaret Brennan asked Mike Waltz, Trump's National Security Adviser, this very important question in yesterday's "Face the Nation," and then allowed him to escape into Ukraine without giving her a straight answer. She shouldn't have done that.
The Trump Administration is trying to use the Alien Enemies Act of 1798 to claim the power of arrest and rendition, in the middle of the night, of any non-citizen to a black hole in a foreign country, without the right to so much as a phone call, let alone a day in court, even to prove that the person being detained really is a US citizen.
Trump's first test case for these new powers is his renditioning of 238 Venezuelan men, (One of which turned out to be a woman, and another that wasn't Venezuelan. Both had to be sent back to the US.) to a notorious super max prison in El Salvador. Included in the ICE round up, aren't just criminal gang members, but also those that entered the United States legally, and have been living in the US legally before Trump revoked their legal status.
Among those sent to the CECOT labor camp in El Salvador in the first three plane loads were 137 Venezuelan men that Trump claims are members of the criminal gang Tren de Aragua, [TDA] and he is using the Enemy Aliens Act of 1798 to justify their otherwise completely illegal treatment.The Alien Enemies Act is the sole surviving child of a group of four acts passed by congress and signed into law by President John Adams in 1798. The Alien Friends Act and the Sedition Act expired in 1800, and the Naturalization Act was repealed in 1802. The Alien Enemies Act, as amended, is still in effect as 50 U.S.C. ch. 3.
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The framers of the act wanted to make it crystal clear that these extreme measures could only be taken when the United States was in a real war with another nation state, and not some rhetorical war like the "war on drugs" or the "war on terror." And these crafty old founding fathers knew their way around the English language.
So now, I think they've got Trump pretty well boxed in here. Probably, Trump's ppls should have really read the law before citing it. My best claim to legal scholarship is that I recently binge watched 3 seasons of Lincoln Lawyer, and even I can see that Trump doesn't have a leg to stand on, legally speaking. When you read the law, it really is a thing of word craft beauty. It begins by specifying just when this act applies:
50 U.S. Code § 21 - Restraint, regulation, and removal
Whenever there is a declared war between the United States and any foreign nation or government, or any invasion or predatory incursion is perpetrated, attempted, or threatened against the territory of the United States by any foreign nation or government, and the President makes public proclamation of the event, all natives, citizens, denizens, or subjects of the hostile nation or government, being of the age of fourteen years and upward, who shall be within the United States and not actually naturalized, shall be liable to be apprehended, restrained, secured, and removed as alien enemies.
From this it's easy to see that it takes no great feat in reading comprehension to find that this act only applies when there is a "declared war," meaning declared by Congress, or an "invasion or predatory incursion" by a "foreign nation or government," meaning a nation-state like Japan or Venezuela. Since this is the test of whenever the act applies, if the it fails this test, there's no need to read the act further.
But before moving forward with my main argument, I wish to take notice of something that speaks to the sheer meanness of the Trump regime: This 1798 law shields those younger than 14 from its effects, and that's just fine with the Trump regime. They've been sending so-called TDA members as young as 14 to a life of hard labor in El Salvador.A lot of things have changed in over two hundred years, including our collective understanding of when the protections of childhood should end. In 1800, the average US life expectancy was 34.5 years, less than half of what it is now. In the Middle Ages a young noble might become a squire to a knight, and begin his military training at 14. In the 1800's apprenticeships begin at 14, as did university educations for those more privileged. In many ways, 18 is the new 14. But not for the Trump regime! If the 200 year old law says its terrible effects can fall on people as young as 14 in 1800, the Trump regime will use it to sell children into slavery in 2025. But I digress.
The Trump Administration has been trying to turn Fox News fear mongering built around a couple of videos without sound, run on a loop, of a dozen or so gangster looking guys with guns doing suspicious looking things in the hallways of a few Aurora, CO apartment buildings and said to be TDA gang members, into a reason to deport people with absolutely no due process. Trump thought that he could just brand TDA "bad hombres," and on that basis, claim the extraordinary powers vested in the Alien Enemies Act. Then a lawyer read the act. This lead to the most absurd claim made by NS advisor Waltz yesterday in this exchange with Margret Brenner. Starting about 5:14:
Mike Waltz: President Trump has determined that this group is acting as a terrorist organization. It is terrorizing our communities through attacks, torture, rape, and in the most awful of situations for those communities, number one. And number two, the Alien Sedition Act fully applies because we have also determined that this group is acting as a proxy of the Maduro regime. So, you have..
Margret Brennan interrupts: I'm sorry, just to clarify on that: this is suppose to apply if the US is at war with a country. You're saying that you have evidence that the government of Venezuela is directing these gangs?..
Mike Waltz interrupts: We're saying that TDA is acting as a proxy of the Maduro regime. This is how the Alien Sedation Act applies.
The charge that they never even read the law before applying it is bolstered by the fact that Donald Trump's National Security Advisor can't even get the name right! He twice refers to "the Alien Sedation Act," which is not a thing. It does not exist, and has never existed.
In 1798, the US enacted a set of four laws: The Naturalization Act. the Alien Friends Act, the Alien Enemies Act, and the Sedition Act. The set was named the Alien and Sedition Acts. Three of those, including the Sedition Act, had died a timely death by 1802. Trump is now trying to wreck people's lives by using the single remaining survivor, the Alien Enemies Act.
But why should he be expected to know that? He's only the White House National Security Advisor. He's only using the law to tear up the Bill of Rights, terrorist whole communities, and proclaim to the whole world their uncontestable right to snatch up anyone and sell him into slavery in a foreign land.
What he now does know, now that somebody who can read law at least as well as me, has explained to them, is that this law absolutely, positively, requires a war with another nation-state that is either declared, or pending declaration, before it can be implemented, and the founding fathers left very little wiggle room on that point. Hence Waltz's tell at the end of the above statement, "This is how the Alien Sedation Act applies."
So, to cover this "slight" problem that comes from using the law before reading it, we are expect to swallow the fiction that "TDA is acting as a proxy of the Maduro regime," meaning the Venezuelan government. This is crazy talk. This is how they are digging the hole they are in deeper.
According to the AP, the Maduro government claimed "it had dismantled the gang in 2023 after retaking control of the prison where the group was born."
But even assuming the Trump administration's logic that TDA is at war with the US, and TDA is a proxy of the Venezuelan government, doesn't that mean we are at war with Venezuela? After all, when elements of the Japanese First Air Fleet struck the United States at Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941, the US didn't declare war against the Japanese Navy, it declare war against the Empire of Japan. So, the question has to be asked: Is the US now at war with Venezuela? Because, otherwise, Trump's use of the Alien Enemies Act on Venezuelan nationals in the United States is completely illegal on its face.
Just my legal opinion,
Clay Claiborne
24 March 2025
PS. Mike, if you want to add me to a group chat, just message me for a phone number. Small journalist need leaks too.